Breast Cancer Awareness in Hong Kong

Article By Dr. Donald Greig

October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, a global campaign dedicated to raising awareness about breast cancer and the importance of early detection. It is a time to reflect on the significance of regular screenings, self-examinations, and education about breast health. Around the world, communities unite to support individuals affected by breast cancer, share survivor stories, and fundraise for research and support services.

The iconic pink ribbon serves as a powerful symbol of hope and a reminder to prioritize your health. By fostering open conversations and breaking stigmas, we can empower women to be proactive about breast health and contribute to the fight against this disease.

At The New Clinic (TNC), we are committed to supporting Breast Cancer Awareness Month by providing education, advocacy, and access to vital screening and healthcare services.

Breast Cancer in Hong Kong

Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in Hong Kong, mirroring global trends. In 2022, it accounted for 28.6% of all new cancers in females, with 5,182 new cases reported. While rare, breast cancer can also occur in men, with 26 male cases diagnosed in 2022.

The lifetime risk of breast cancer for women in Hong Kong is approximately 6.8%, meaning about 1 in every 14 women will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. The risk increases with age, as 49% of cases are diagnosed in women aged 40–59, with a median age of diagnosis at 58 years.

Globally, breast cancer incidence is rising, particularly in regions like Asia, South America, and Africa, where rates were historically lower. By 2040, the number of new breast cancer cases worldwide is projected to increase by 31%, reaching nearly 3 million cases annually. These alarming statistics highlight the critical need for early detection, preventive measures, and ongoing awareness campaigns.

What You Need to Know About Breast Cancer Screening

Early detection is key to improving breast cancer outcomes. At TNC, we recommend starting annual breast screenings at age 40 and continuing yearly thereafter. For women with a family history of breast cancer (e.g., a first-degree relative such as a mother, sister, or daughter), we may recommend starting screening as early as age 35.

Breast Cancer Screening Components:

1. Clinical History and Examination: A thorough evaluation of personal and family medical history.

2. Risk Assessment: Tools like the Gail Risk Assessment Tool help identify high-risk individuals who may benefit from tailored interventions, including preventive medication.

3. Low-Dose Mammograms: Proven to detect early breast cancer and reduce associated mortality.

4. Breast Ultrasound: A complementary imaging tool to mammograms but not a standalone screening method.

5. MRI Screening: Recommended for younger, high-risk patients as it involves no radiation exposure.

Government-Supported Breast Cancer Risk Screening

The Hong Kong government has introduced the Breast Cancer Screening Pilot Programme (Phase II) in collaboration with NGOs. This program offers free or subsidized breast cancer screening for high-risk women aged 35–74.

Eligibility Criteria:

To qualify for the program, women must meet one or more of the following:

• A strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer.

• A confirmed genetic mutation in high-risk genes (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2).

• Registration in the Electronic Health Record Sharing System (eHealth) and possession of a Hong Kong Identity Card.

For those who don’t qualify for government subsidies, private testing and NGO-supported programs are also available. Speak with your doctor to determine your eligibility or explore private options.

Understanding Breast Cancer Risk

While female gender and age over 40 are the most significant risk factors for breast cancer, other modifiable and non-modifiable factors include:

Risk-Increasing Factors:

• Family history of breast cancer.

• Lifestyle choices: smoking, obesity and harmful alcohol use.

• Reproductive history (e.g., late first pregnancy or early menstruation).

• Night shift work and chronic stress.

• Postmenopausal hormone therapy.

• History of radiation exposure.

• Diets rich in meat and dairy.

• Vitamin D deficiency

It is important to note that 50% of breast cancer cases occur in women without identifiable risk factors, aside from gender and age. This underscores the importance of regular screenings for all women, regardless of their perceived risk.

Risk-Reducing Factors:

• Physical activity: Vigorous exercise lowers both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk.

• Breastfeeding: Prolonged lactation reduces breast cancer risk.

• Healthy weight in young adulthood: Greater body fatness in early life has shown a protective effect against postmenopausal breast cancer.

Role of Genetics in Breast Cancer

Certain inherited gene mutations, such as those in BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2, significantly increase breast cancer risk. Women identified as carriers of these mutations may benefit from:

• More frequent and stringent screenings.

• Preventive measures, such as anti-oestrogen medications.

• Risk-reducing surgeries, including bilateral mastectomy.

In Hong Kong, free or subsidized genetic testing is available for high-risk individuals through the public healthcare system. Early identification of genetic predispositions allows women to make informed decisions about their health and adopt personalized prevention strategies.

Vitamin D and Breast Cancer

Emerging evidence suggests that Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of breast cancer. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in controlling cell growth, promoting apoptosis (programmed cell death), and reducing inflammation—all of which are protective against cancer development.

Supplementation with Vitamin D may help lower breast cancer risk by restoring optimal levels, especially in postmenopausal women. Combined with sensible sun exposure and a balanced diet, maintaining healthy Vitamin D levels can be an essential strategy for breast cancer prevention.

Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Early detection saves lives. While many breast cancers are asymptomatic in their early stages, warning signs include:

• A breast lump or thickening (often painless).

• Changes in size, shape, or appearance of the breast.

• Skin changes such as dimpling, redness, or pitting.

• Changes in the nipple or areola, including abnormal discharge.

Most breast lumps are not cancerous, but it’s crucial to seek medical attention if you notice any abnormalities. Early intervention offers the best chance for successful treatment and recovery.

A Lifelong Commitment to Breast Health

Regular breast screenings should be viewed as a lifetime commitment to your health. Early detection through annual screenings can identify cancers before symptoms appear, significantly improving treatment outcomes.

If you or someone you know would like a comprehensive breast cancer assessment, please contact Dr. Greig at The New Clinic.

Book an Appointment

Tel: +852 2715 4577

Email: info@thenewclinic.info

References / Statistical and Information sources:

• Global Cancer Observatory

• National Institute of Health

• The Breast Cancer Registry Hong Kong

• CHP Hong Kong

• World Health Organization

Disclaimer: This newsletter is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider for any medical concerns.